There is a lot to know about the moon and how is reflects the sun, moves across the sky in orbit and changes visually every few days. The lunar phase calendar is something that has been used by man for centuries and it is said to have started with the chinese over fifteen hundred years ago. The lunar phase calendar is a calendar that is based on the rotation of the moon and its lunar phase. The calendar is different each month because the days of the month do not coincide with the moon being full or new.
The lunar phase calendar will start on a different cycle depending on the day of the month that it is. For the Chinese lunar calendar the month starts on the new moon which is when the moon is darkest in the sky. Other races and religions believe that the lunar calendar starts when the moon is full and is brightest in the sky. These particular lunar calendars are also known as lunisolar calendars.
Islam is the religion which uses the lunar calendar most by people today and in this religion it is known as the Islamic Calendar. However scientists have found fault with this calendar as it moves out of alignment each solar year when up to 10 days are lost in relation to other calendars. The Islamic Calendar is generally used for religious reasons more than for telling dates and seasons.

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